1) Luo J et al. Etiology of breast cancer: A perspective from epidemiologic studies. J Natl Cancer Cent. 2022 Aug 23;2(4):195-197
2) Admoun C et al. The Etiology of Breast Cancer. Breast Cancer. Brisbane (AU): Exon Publications. Online first 22 Jun 2022
3) American Cancer Society. Breast Cancer Risk and Prevention. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/risk-and-prevention/lifestyle-related-breast-cancer-risk-factors.html
4) CDC. U.S Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Breast Cancer Risk Factors. https://www.cdc.gov/breast-cancer/risk-factors/index.html
5) McGuire A et al. Effects of Age on the Detection and Management of Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel). 2015 May 22;7(2):908-29
6) Dense Breasts: Answers to Commonly Asked Questions. https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/breast-changes/dense-breasts#what-are-dense%20breasts
7) American Cancer Society. Breast Cancer Risk Factors You Cannot Change. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/risk-and-prevention/breast-cancer-risk-factors-you-cannot-change.html
8) Nolan E et al. Deciphering breast cancer: from biology to the clinic. Cell. 2023 Apr 13;186(8):1708-1728
9) Michaels E et al. Breast Cancer. Risk Assessment, Screening, and Primary Prevention. Med Clin North Am. 2023 Mar;107(2):271-284
10) Ficarra S et al. Impact of exercise interventions on physical fitness in breast cancer patients and survivors: a systematic review. Breast Cancer. 2022 May;29(3):402-418
11) Buja A et al. Breast Cancer Primary Prevention and Diet: An Umbrella Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Jul 1;17(13):4731
12) Lee K et al. The Impact of Obesity on Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment. Curr Oncol Rep. 2019 Mar 27;21(5):41
13) Hanusek K et al. Obesity as a Risk Factor for Breast Cancer—The Role of miRNA. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Dec 10;23(24):15683
14) Starek‑Świechowicz B et al. Alcohol and breast cancer. Pharmacol Rep. 2023 Feb;75(1):69-84
15) Duan W et al. Smoking and survival of breast cancer patients: A meta-analysis of cohort studies. Breast. 2017 Jun: 33:117-124
16) Cancer Research UK. Breast cancer and smoking: What is the link? https://news.cancerresearchuk.org/2024/07/09/breast-cancer-smoking-link/
17) Stordal B et al. Breastfeeding reduces the risk of breast cancer: A call for action in high-income countries with low rates of breastfeeding. Cancer Med. 2023 Feb;12(4):4616-4625
18) American Cancer Society. Birth Control & Cancer: Which Methods Raise, Lower Risk. Published on: March 14, 2025. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/latest-news/birth-control-cancer-which-methods-raise-lower-risk.html
19) Støer NC et al. Menopausal hormone therapy and breast cancer risk: a population-based cohort study of 1.3 million women in Norway. Br J Cancer. 2024 Jul;131(1):126-137
20) Rozenberg S et al. Menopausal hormone therapy and breast cancer risk. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021
21) AIRC. Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro. Cancro: la prevenzione. https://www.airc.it/cancro/prevenzione-tumore/prevenzione-per-tutti/cancro-la-prevenzione
22) Mayo Clinic. Breast cancer prevention: How to reduce your risk. https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/womens-health/in-depth/breast-cancer-prevention/art-20044676